乙型肝炎验血
有针对乙型肝炎的验血吗？
有一种您的医生或卫生所可以预定的简单乙型肝炎验血，称为“乙型肝炎血检”。该血样可以在医生的办公室里采集。
有 3 个常见的测试组成了该血检。有时，医生可能要求在您初诊后 6 个月再次检查您的血液，以确认您的乙型肝炎状态。如果您认为您最近已感染乙型肝炎，可能需要长达 9 周的时间才能在您的血液中检测到病毒。
了解您的乙型肝炎验血结果可能令人困惑，所以您想要确定您的诊断——您是感染了乙型肝炎，是已从乙型肝炎感染中恢复，或是您患有慢性乙型肝炎感染？
此外，如果您要求一份验血的书面副本，将十分有帮助，这样您便可完全了解哪些测试呈阳性，哪些呈阴性。
哪三个测试组成了“乙型肝炎血检”？
乙型肝炎血检仅需要一个血液样本，但包括三个需要进行的测试来做出最后诊断：
- HBsAg（乙型肝炎表面抗原）
- HBsAb 或 anti-HBs （乙型肝炎表面抗体）
- HBcAb 或 anti-HBc （乙型肝炎核心抗体）
什么是乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg)？
“阳性”或“反应性” HBsAg 测试结果意味着此人感染了乙型肝炎病毒，可能是“急性”或“慢性”感染。受感染者可以通过其血液将病毒传给他人。
什么是乙型肝炎表面抗体（HBsAb 或 anti-HBs）？
“阳性”或“反应性” HBsAb （或 anti-HBs）测试结果表明，一个人要么成功地对乙型肝炎疫苗应答，要么已经从急性乙型肝炎感染中恢复。这个结果（加上阴性 HBsAg 结果）意味着您对未来的乙型肝炎感染是免疫的（免患乙型肝炎感染）。
什么是乙型肝炎核心抗体 (HBcAb)？
HBcAb 是一种抗体，是病毒的一部分——它不提供保护。“阳性”或“反应性” HBcAb （或 anti-HBc）测试结果表明过去或现在的感染。对这个测试结果的解释依赖于其他两个测试的结果。它与保护性表面抗体（阳性 HBsAb 或 anti-HBs）共同出现表明先前的感染和恢复。对于慢性感染者，它会通常与病毒（阳性 HBsAg）一同出现。
Hepatitis B Blood Tests
Is there a blood test for hepatitis B?
There is a simple hepatitis B blood test that your doctor or health clinic can order called the “hepatitis B blood panel”. This blood sample can be taken in the doctor’s office.
There are 3 common tests that make up this blood panel. Sometimes the doctor may ask to check your blood again six months after your first visit to confirm your hepatitis B status. If you think you have been recently infected with hepatitis B, it can take up to 9 weeks before the virus will be detected in your blood.
Understanding your hepatitis B blood test results can be confusing, so you want to be sure about your diagnosis – are you infected with hepatitis B, have you recovered from a hepatitis B infection, or do you have a chronic hepatitis B infection?
In addition, it is helpful if you request a written copy of your blood tests so that you fully understand which tests are positive or negative.
What three tests make up the "hepatitis B blood panel"?
The hepatitis B blood panel requires only one blood sample but includes three tests that are needed to make a final diagnosis:
- HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)
- HBsAb or anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)
- HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody)
What is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)?
A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus, which can be an "acute" or a "chronic" infection. Infected people can pass the virus on to others through their blood.
What is the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)?
A "positive" or “reactive” HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has either successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection. This result (along with a negative HbsAg result) means that you are immune to (protected from) a future hepatitis B infection.
What is the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)?
The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection. A "positive" or "reactive" HBcAb (or anti-HBc) test result indicates a past or present infection. The interpretation of this test result depends on the results of the other two tests. Its appearance with the protective surface antibody (positive HBsAb or anti-HBs) indicates prior infection and recovery. For chronically infected persons, it will usually appear with the virus (positive HBsAg).