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About Hepatitis B, HBV, Liver, Liver Health, Living with Hepatitis B

Microbiome matters: What your gut says about your liver

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Did you know that the tiny organisms living in your gut, called the microbiome, can have a strong impact on your liver? Recent research shows that the bacteria and fungi in your digestive system play a major role in keeping your liver healthy and may even affect how hepatitis B progresses. 

The gut-liver connection 

Your gut and liver are closely connected through something called the gut-liver axis. When your gut microbiome is balanced, it helps protect your liver by producing helpful substances such as butyrate and tryptophan. These can reduce inflammation and support liver function. But when the microbiome is out of balance (a condition called dysbiosis), harmful bacteria and toxins can leak into the bloodstream and reach the liver, causing damage (Zhang et al., 2024). 

What happens in hepatitis B 

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to serious liver problems, including cirrhosis. A 2025 study found that people with HBV-related cirrhosis had fewer good bacteria such as alistipes and lachnospira, and more harmful ones including Fusobacterium and Enterococcus in their gut (Chen et al., 2025). These changes were linked to lower levels of important nutrients like tocopherol, which help protect the liver. 

Another study looked at how the mix of bacteria in the gut changes as hepatitis B gets worse. Researchers found that people with chronic hepatitis B had a wider variety of bacteria compared to people without hepatitis B. They also noticed changes in the balance between two major groups of bacteria (firmicutes and bacteroidetes) that are important for digestion and immune health. These shifts in gut bacteria could help doctors understand any changes or advances in hepatitis B and possibly even predict how it might develop over time (Wang et al., 2023). 

Bile acids and bacteria 

Bile acids, which help digest fats, also interact with gut bacteria. In HBV-related liver disease, high bile acid levels were linked to more lactobacillales and fewer clostridiales, which suggests another kind of imbalance (Zhou et al., 2025). This connection could lead to new treatments that target both bile acids and bacteria. 

Your gut microbiome does a lot more than help you digest food. It’s deeply connected to your liver and can influence how hepatitis B develops and changes over time. As scientists learn more, we may see new treatments that focus on fixing the microbiome to protect and promote liver health. 

 

References: 

Chen, Y., et al. (2025). Gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles in HBV-related cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology Research. 

Li, X., et al. (2024). Gut mycobiome and liver disease: Emerging insights. Liver International. 

Wang, J., et al. (2023). Microbiota diversity across HBV disease stages. Microbiome Medicine. 

Zhang, L., et al. (2024). Gut microbiota and chronic liver disease: Mechanisms and interventions. Hepatology Reviews. 

Zhou, H., et al. (2025). Microbiota–bile acid crosstalk in HBV-induced cirrhosis. Clinical Gastroenterology. 

 

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Why Postpartum Women Struggle with HBV Treatment Adherence and What We Can Do About It

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hepatitis B remains a global health challenge.. There are strategies to prevent perinatal (mother to child) transmission of hepatitis B. Prevention includes testing all pregnant persons for the marker of hepatitis B infection (HBsAg), if the pregnant person is positive, then assessment is needed throughout pregnancy. If the pregnant person’s viral load becomes high, antiviral treatment (TDF) might be recommended during the second trimester taken throughout pregnancy. Data shows this is safe and effective, and reducing the viral load can reduce the risk of transmission.  

Additionally, making sure that all infants get hepatitis B birth dose as soon as possible after delivery, ideally within the first 24 hours of birth followed by at least two subsequent doses of hepatitis B vaccine (usually part of global childhood immunization series ex: the pentavalent vaccination). However, for many individuals, adhering to these guidelines in many parts of the world can be a challenge. Recent research sheds light on the barriers and opportunities to improve treatment adherence during this important period. Treatment adherence means taking your medicine the right way, at the right time, in the right amount, and for as long as your doctor tells you. It’s about sticking to your treatment plan to maintain your health.  

The postpartum drop-off: a hidden risk 

A study published in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society explored adherence to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a medication used to treat HBV, among pregnant individuals. While adherence during pregnancy was relatively high, many women discontinued treatment postpartum. A mix of factors contributed to the drop in HBV treatment adherence following delivery including:  

  • Lack of follow-up care after delivery 
  • Low awareness about health risks that may come from stopping medication 
  • Limited knowledge about the long-term benefits of continued treatment 
  • Healthcare system gaps, especially in low-resource settings, making access to care and medication difficult 

What the numbers say?

In a broader context, a study from Israel found that only about 67% of chronic HBV patients maintained high adherence (defined as taking at least 80% of the prescribed medication). Many women stopped taking their medication after giving birth or were not consistent with their medication routines (Mor et al., 2022). A 2025 pilot study published in Virology Journal looked at what happens when women with chronic hepatitis B stop taking antiviral medication after giving birth. Among 88 women who discontinued treatment postpartum, nearly 29% experienced liver inflammation (ALT flares)—a sign that the virus was becoming elevated (Tang et al., 2025).  

What can be done? 

Improving postpartum adherence to HBV treatment requires a holistic approach and strategies can include: 

  • Integrated care models that link obstetric and hepatology services, making it easier for women to stay on track with their hepatitis B care and medication 
  • Patient education that emphasizes the importance of continued treatment beyond pregnancy 
  • Support from community health workers to provide follow-up and encouragement to stay connected with hepatitis B care 
  • Mobile health tools (like SMS reminders) to help new mothers stay on track after delivery 

The postpartum period is a time of immense change—and often, medical follow-up takes a backseat. But for women living with HBV, taking efforts to prevent perinatal transmission is crucial not just for their own health, but for preventing the future generation from hepatitis B. With better systems, education, and support, we can close the adherence gap and protect more lives. 

To learn more about prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B, you can also visit the Hepatitis B Foundation’s Informed Training Hub, which includes modules on perinatal prevention. 

References: 

Greenup, A. J., Tan, J., Nguyen, V., & Visvanathan, K. (2020). Adherence to antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective cohort study. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 9(3), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz064 

Mor, Z., Grotto, I., & Anis, E. (2022). Adherence to antiviral therapy among patients with chronic hepatitis B in Israel. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-022-00527-2 

Tang, Q., Wang, C., Li, H., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Xue, Y., Qiu, Y., Peng, M., Zeng, Y., & Hu, P. (2025). Unexpected HBsAg decrease after nucleoside analogues retreatment among HBeAg positive postpartum women: A pilot study. Virology Journal, 22, Article 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02632-x 

World Health Organization. (2024). Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection (WHO Guidelines). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090903 

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Disclosure: How to tell your partner, family, or friends about your hepatitis B or D status: Tips and tricks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Written By: Soumen B., Silvana L., Partizan M. 

Sharing a diagnosis should not be, but often it is, a challenge. At some point it is important to tell your partner, family or friends about your hepatitis B/D status. This is an important moment for you and the people with whom you share your daily life. 

Remember: Your comfort is just as important as the person you choose to talk to. You might be nervous, or you may be worried about what they will think and how they will receive the information you are about to share. You should know that not everyone will understand but you can be prepared with as much information as possible to be sure to set yourself up for success in this conversation. Know that most people do not know about hepatitis B, how it is transmitted or the health problems it causes. But for you, it is a step you should take: to live a normal life, to live honestly and to foster love and sincerity with others. For this, you need to prepare spiritually and emotionally. With preparation, this can be a moment of liberation for you. Remember: you have the right to share exactly as much as you are willing to and nothing more.  

Preparing to disclose your hepatitis B and D status 

Give yourself enough time to understand your emotions and to prepare for the emotions of your loved ones. Before disclosure, it might be helpful to think about the following:  

  • Your readiness: make sure you feel emotionally prepared to talk about your health. Disclose when you feel ready to handle a range of possible reactions.  
  • Their readiness: pick a moment when the other person is likely to be calm, receptive and not distracted or stressed.  
  • Level of trust: assess whether the person is trustworthy, empathetic and respectful of your confidentiality.  
  • Learn about your condition: Understand what hepatitis B/D is, how it is transmitted and how it is managed. This helps you feel more confident when talking to others. 
    • Write down the main things you would like to tell your person: what the disease is, how long you have known, what your condition is and what they can do to check their status.  
    • Read what you have written several times – how do you feel while you are talking? 

Think about why you are sharing this: To protect their health? To ask for their support? Is it about transparency or deepening trust

  • Talk to them and explain what you expect out of the conversation. Maybe you want them to know why you no longer drink alcohol at family gatherings or why you may need more rest than normal. Or maybe you want them to offer you their time and support so that you can talk about your fears. 
  • Choose a calm, private moment when you both have time to talk. 
  • Do not do it under pressure or during an argument. 

 

Now imagine that you are in the role of a listener and your loved one tells you that they have hepatitis B, which you know nothing about.  

  • What would you like to ask them, and to know? Putting yourself in the other person’s shoes will help us to imagine their emotions, fears, denial–these are normal human reactions and they will fade away with the time and the right information given. 
  • Anticipate reactions: Some people may be scared at first, especially due to a lack of information. Be patient. 
  • They may ask you questions that you don’t have an (or don’t want to) answer–be honest and leave that part for another time.   

 

Key points for your conversation: 

  • Share what hepatitis B and D are and how they affect your health. This can help your partner/family better understand the situation and reduce any uncertainties. 
  • Helping your person understand that it is a chronic condition that for some people requires taking a pill a day like so many other chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure, can help “normalize” the disease. 
  • Take the time to explain that a chronic illness does not just depend on the medications you might take, but also on food, exercise, rest and your mental health. 
  • Talk about how this is a shared journey, and that your family members’ or partner’s collaboration will be a key to your success navigating this journey. 
  • How hepatitis B and D Can Be Spread: You can reassure others that there is no risk of transmission in everyday interactions like hugging, sharing food, or casual touch. Hepatitis B and D can spread through contact with blood and other bodily fluids during sexual relations and other blood-to-blood contact. 
  • Emphasize that there is a very safe and effective vaccine for hepatitis B, and prevention is possible. 
  • Check with your local health services to see how they can obtain the vaccine. It may be helpful to give them printed or online materials about the disease or show them a video of patients sharing their stories.   
  • You can live well with proper medical care. 

 

For example, you might say: 

“I want to share something important with you because I trust you and I want to be honest. I was recently diagnosed with hepatitis B (and I also tested positive for hepatitis delta). It’s a virus that affects the liver, but I am under medical care and taking care of myself. I didn’t choose this, but I want you to know because it’s part of my life now.” 

You can also watch this storyteller video, where MD shares her experience disclosing her status to her boyfriend. 

If you are afraid of a negative reaction: 

  • You can say it more neutrally: “I have a liver virus that I am keeping under control with the help of doctors.” 
  • You can ask for the help of a health care professional to clarify the situation for them. 

In everyday reality, the reactions of social groups are different. This is related to various factors such as the level of education, relevant medical information, social relationships and so on. Educational and cultural backgrounds have a significant impact on how individuals and social groups understand and respond to hepatitis B and D.  

  1. Educating your partner or family member
  • Proper education can positively influence people’s attitudes. You should provide as much information as possible when disclosing your status to them. With more information, they may be more open to supporting you rather than perpetuating stigma or having discriminatory attitudes. 
  • By giving them enough information, they can share hepatitis B (and D) information with others, contributing to community education about both diseases, and helping to reduce fear and uncertainty. 
  • Explain to them that this does not have to be a one-time conversation. Reassure them that you are open to talking more about this, so they can ask their questions and start feeling comfortable. 
  1. Cultural Beliefs and Social Norms
  • Be aware and mindful of the cultural background of your partner, or the social norms of your family. This will help you navigate the conversation about your hepatitis B/D. 
  • In many cultures, diseases like hepatitis B and D are associated with taboos. Culture can influence how people perceive these conditions and can create an atmosphere of fear and stigmatization. 
  • In some cultures, there are beliefs that influence how individuals view medical treatment. For example, seeking medical care may be seen as a sign of weakness or an admission of a “problem” that could negatively affect a person’s reputation. This perception may contribute to a negative attitude toward individuals affected by hepatitis B/D. 
  • In some cultures, family and community can provide significant support to individuals with chronic illnesses, such as hepatitis B/D. However, in other cultures, there may be more isolation and limited help, especially if the individual faces stigma. This impacts their emotional well-being and access to treatment. While all of these experiences can happen, know that you are not alone. You can learn more about others experiences through the Hepatitis B Foundation’s storytelling program or connect with others online through the Hep B Community.  

  

These aspects influence knowledge, attitudes, and reactions people may have toward hepatitis B/D. You deserve to be treated with respect and dignity—your life is your own, and no one has the right to diminish that. As you consider sharing your health status, it’s important to reflect on these factors and prepare for the range of responses you might encounter. 

How should you prepare? 

  • Tell those you trust: You do not have to tell everyone. 
  • Focus on facts, not fear: Many people react based on the information they lack, not the facts you know. 
  • Find an ally in the family who can help communicate with others. 
  • Do not blame yourself: It’s not your fault. This is a virus – not a shame. 

 

No matter how the conversation unfolds or what emotions surface, one thing is clear—your loved ones care deeply about your health and well-being. Speaking honestly and from the heart is always a meaningful step. What matters most is choosing the right moment and the words that feel true to you and your experience. 

You can read more about the importance of disclosing your status, and advice for telling your partner or family, in this blog.

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Importance of disclosing your hepatitis B and hepatitis D status

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Written By: Soumen B., Silvana L., Partizan M. 

Thirteen years ago, I experienced a profound shock. My wife was in the third trimester of her pregnancy, and I was eagerly anticipating fatherhood, filled with plans for our future with the baby. As part of routine procedures, we both were asked to undergo various diagnostic tests. One day, the gynecologist unexpectedly called us in for an urgent meeting. I was asked to wait outside while my wife entered the doctor’s office. When she emerged after half an hour, I noticed a deeply worried expression in her eyes. As I greeted her, she responded with a blank stare, as if the world were crashing down around her.  

We returned home in silence, and then she broke down in tears. My wife shared with me that my blood test revealed I was infected with hepatitis B. How could this have entered my body? The doctor told my wife that the disease was terminal and that I might not survive for long. Our world began to crumble. I have always been a respectful and loyal family member with minimal alcohol consumption. How could this happen to me?  

The most challenging part was figuring out how to explain this to my wife… 

After I was diagnosed, I began online research and reached out to a nonprofit organization (Liver Foundation West Bengal). I gathered information about the disease and accessed health support. I then had an open and candid discussion with my wife, free of embellishments. I explained that I was one of millions affected worldwide and that the disease could have been transmitted through less common means, such as unsterile equipment used during a haircut, like razors, at the salon.* She was extremely cooperative and listened patiently. She also helped me confront the stigma and face the reality of the situation. My wife and I looked up more information so that we could learn about hepatitis B. We talked to our doctors to learn about how we can reduce the risk of transmission and maintain our health. My wife made sure to receive the hepatitis B vaccine, and we made certain that our baby received the vaccine immediately after childbirth.  

Later, I took her to meet members of the nonprofit, including experts and other patients, to engage in an open conversation about the disease and its implications. Both my wife and baby are now vaccinated and protected against hepatitis B infection. 

 

* Hepatitis B is highly infectious, and if tools and surfaces are not properly disinfected, it can survive for up to seven days. If you are exposed to hep B from a small wound (like the ones that happen during a short hair cut or shaving with tools that are not sterilized), even the smallest drops of blood from someone living with hepatitis B could cause an infection. Sexual transmission is a primary mode of transmission for hepatitis delta. 

 

Key Questions and Answers from this Story:  

If hepatitis B is sexually transmitted, how come my partner isn’t infected? 

Hepatitis B virus (and hepatitis delta virus) can be sexually transmitted. The virus is present in an infected person’s blood and bodily fluids commonly exchanged during sexual activity, such as semen and vaginal fluids. There are many reasons your partner might not be positive for hepatitis B after sexual activity including: 

  1. Vaccination status: If your partner has received the full schedule of the hepatitis B vaccine, they are likely protected. The vaccine prompts your body to start producing antibodies that neutralize (attack) the virus. This stops hepatitis B from infecting your body. 
  1. Viral load: The amount of hepatitis B in your blood and bodily fluids—known as the viral load—affects transmission risk. A lower viral load reduces the likelihood of transmitting the virus to your unprotected/unvaccinated partner during sexual contact. 
  1. Type of sexual activity: Different sexual practices carry varying levels of risk. Anal sex poses a higher risk due to potential tissue damage and blood contact. Oral sex is considered “less risky” since it is less likely that there will be blood contact. The presence of cuts or sores can increase one’s risk of infection. It is always a good idea to use protection (latex condoms) when engaging in any form of sexual contact. 
  1. Use of protection: Consistent and correct use of condoms significantly reduces the risk of hepatitis B transmission to your partner by preventing direct contact with infectious fluids. While condoms are crucial in reducing the risk of transmitting hepatitis B (and D) during sex, they do not eliminate the risk completely. New condoms must be used every time you and your partner have sex, from start to finish. Latex or polyurethane condoms are most effective; avoid natural skin (lambskin) condoms, as they are not as good at blocking the virus. 

  

For peace of mind and health assurance, you and your partner should consider: 

  • Testing: A blood test can determine if your partner has been exposed to hepatitis B or has developed immunity from a previous infection. If they are not protected, they should start the vaccination series. 
    • If you are living with hepatitis B, it is important to ask your doctor to test you for hepatitis D. 
  • Vaccination: If a person is not already vaccinated, receiving the hepatitis B vaccine is the only way that one can achieve full protection against the virus.  
    • There is no vaccine solely for hepatitis D, but since hepatitis D relies on hepatitis B to survive, the vaccine protects against both viruses. 
  • Discuss your status: If you are starting a new romantic or sexual relationship, you should consider telling your partner about your hepatitis B (or D) status before any sexual encounter. By sharing your status, you not only instill trust in your relationship and build confidence; you and your partner can also take the necessary steps towards reducing your risk of transmitting the virus.  

You can read more about tips and tricks about disclosing your status to family members in this blog

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Podcast Recaps: Barriers to Hepatitis B Programs in Prisons

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Did you know that people in prison are at much higher risk for hepatitis B than the general population? You would think that means there are programs in place to prevent and treat it — but unfortunately, that’s often not the case. 

In a recent episode of the B Heppy podcast, researchers Heidi Emery and Kathryn Jack talk about some of the major barriers to accessing critical hepatitis B prevention and treatment services in prisons. Dr. Emery and Dr. Jack, who work at the University of Nottingham School of Medicine, reviewed prior research on the topic and spoke with people in the prison system — including those who are incarcerated, prison healthcare workers, and even guards — to understand what was happening within the prison system and hepatitis B. 

You can find their published research here.  Additionally, the Hepatitis B Foundation has also released a white paper on recommendations for HBV screening and prevention in corrections.  

Common Barriers to Care: 

  1. Stigma and lack of information about hepatitis B 

One of the biggest roadblocks? People just do not know enough about hepatitis B. There is  a lot of fear and misunderstanding about how hepatitis B spreads and what it means to have it. That leads to stigma — and stigma makes people less likely to get tested or treated. 

  1. Health care isn’t always a priority in prisons

Prisons are mostly focused on safety and security — not health care. That means people might miss appointments because of lockdowns or staffing shortages. Even if someone wants care, they might not get it when they need it. 

  1. Lack of resources

Many prisons just don’t have the staff, funding, or systems in place to handle hepatitis B testing, treatment, or education properly. This makes it difficult for people to get timely education on hepatitis B prevention, management, and treatment. 

  1. No support after release

Often, there’s no follow-up care or connection to outside health services after someone is released from prison. So even if someone starts treatment, it might not continue. People are less likely to follow up with care when they are out of the prison system or may lack the resources to navigate the health system on their own. 

Recommendations to improve care 

Within this review, researchers provided recommendations on how to address these major challenges to hepatitis B prevention, care, and treatment within the prison system. They are described below-  

  1. Education makes a big difference 

When people understand hepatitis B better — both those in prison and those working there, stigma goes down, and people are more likely to get help. Education programs can make a big difference to address low knowledge and stigma. 

  1. Better health systems inside and out 

Connecting prison healthcare to public health systems on the outside means care doesn’t have to stop once someone is released. It can be an opportunity to make sure people stay connected to health care after they get out. 

  1. Policy changes that put health first 

Routine testing and vaccinations for hepatitis B should be part of prison intake. With the right policies, prisons could become places where people actually get the health care they have been missing out on. 

This issue is not just about prisons — it’s about public health. If we ignore hepatitis B in these high-risk settings, we miss a big chance to stop the virus from spreading in communities, too. 

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Sunshine, Vitamin D, and Hepatitis B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

When you hear vitamin D you most notably think of the sun, or perhaps milk, or the small plastic bottles labeled with a bolded “D3” on store shelves. If you’ve ever been challenged by a trivia question asking what vitamin D does, you most likely know to say it helps build strong bones. In addition, vitamin D is a vital element that serves the immune, nervous and gastrointestinal systems, among our most important organs.  

What you may not know about are the multiple functions vitamin D has in the body to regulate and maintain optimal health, especially for those living with chronic conditions such as hepatitis B.  

 

The sun is the best source of vitamin D, and while everyone needs it, people living with hepatitis B need to pay extra attention to the summertime sun. Too much of a good thing can lead to harmful consequences, so it’s best to be aware of some precautions. Key considerations before spending time in the sun are hydrating with water, applying sunscreen to minimize risks of sunburn and skin cancer, and understanding the impact of exposure to sunlight on your body.  

 

Being in the sun typically makes you thirsty. Drinking water instead of beverages with high sugars such as soda, sport and energy drinks, is better for the body and doesn’t leave behind any fats or byproducts that impede healthy liver function. Physicians from Mass General Brigham Hospital in Boston analyzed data from nearly 1000,000 woman and found that there may be a link between sugary drinks and liver disease (more here). The process of breaking down sugars leads to a build-up of unusable material that saturates the liver, inhibiting normal cells from growing and further exacerbating an already vulnerable liver. On average, the recommended daily water intake for women is around two liters, and for men, about three liters. While those are general guidelines, you may need more while in the hot sun. In addition to simply feeling thirsty, the Cleveland Clinic says that signs of dehydration include dry or sticky mouth, headache and reduced or dark-colored urine (more here). 

 

Using sunscreen, wearing hats and protective clothing, and avoiding the midday sun are smart steps to ensure you are protecting yourself from the strong UV rays. The American Cancer Society says you should choose a sunscreen with broad-spectrum protection and an SPF of at least 30, according to the (more here). Keep in mind that the sun’s UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Therefore, limit your exposure to the sun during these hours and take moments to cool down in the shade.  

 

Now, how can the sun actually help someone living with hepatitis B?  

The link between vitamin D and hepatitis B has been studied for years, and evidence suggests the core of their relationship lies within the liver. Basically, the skin produces vitamin D3 from sunlight and the liver and kidneys convert it to the active form of vitamin D our bodies need (more here). And, the liver itself relies on vitamin D to behave and function efficiently. With this information, we are able to correlate why low vitamin D levels would negatively impact individuals with hepatitis B who already have a compromised liver. 

 

Trends seen in bloodwork results of people living with hepatitis B show that those deficient in vitamin D have higher viral loads. The correlation between vitamin D levels and viral loads (more here) tells us that adequate vitamin D might play a role in lower viral load counts. And lower viral DNA is associated with lower risk of liver damage and cancer.  

 

Not only is the sun beneficial for those living with hepatitis B, but it also has a strong connection to improving mood and mental health. The National Institute of Mental Health says that those living with can be susceptible to experiencing mental health struggles such as stress, depression or anxiety (more here). Spending time outside is a helpful activity to clear the mind, reset and process your thoughts and feelings in a healthy way. Whether you choose to enjoy a day at the lake, a walk through the neighborhood or read a good book on the patio, getting outside will support the best outcome of your hepatitis B status while boosting your mental health. 

 

It’s hard to find something that’s free, easily obtained and life-sustaining, but the sun is an exception and is available most days, weather-dependent of course. If you have other health conditions that prevent you from being in the sun, or perhaps you don’t care for the heat, please talk with your doctor about a diet rich in vitamin D or supplementation to ensure you maintain sufficient levels. 

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The dangers of unregulated alternative medicine for people living with hepatitis B: Why evidence-based information matters!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alternative medicine is becoming more popular, but it can be risky, especially when it’s not regulated. This is a big concern for people living with hepatitis B in places where access to medical care and treatment options may be limited. Some people sell untested treatments, promising quick cures without any scientific proof. These treatments can actually make things worse for patients. It is also important to note that currently there is no cure for hepatitis B but there are safe and effective medications to manage your condition and improve your health. 

Why unregulated alternative medicine is risky:

When alternative medicine isn’t regulated, it means the treatments haven’t been properly tested. For hepatitis B patients, using these treatments can lead to serious health problems. The safety and effectiveness of these treatments aren’t guaranteed, and they can sometimes cause more harm than good. Some practitioners claim their treatments work because of divine intervention and charge high fees, taking advantage of patients’ financial circumstances and leading to false hope in their medical care. 

Why evidence-based health decisions are important:

Making health decisions based on scientific evidence is crucial. Evidence-based medicine uses the best available research and clinical expertise to make decisions about patient care. This approach helps ensure treatments are safe and effective. 

For people living with hepatitis B, evidence-based methods are especially important. Chronic hepatitis B can cause serious liver damage, and managing the condition requires careful monitoring and appropriate treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that while some alternative medicine practices can be beneficial, the lack of regulation and scientific validation can make them dangerous. 

While the idea of quick fixes through alternative medicine can be tempting, it’s essential for hepatitis B patients to prioritize evidence-based treatments. By doing so, they can make the best decisions for their health and well-being. Always consult healthcare professionals and rely on credible sources to guide your health decisions. 

Safe and effective treatment for hepatitis B: 

People with chronic hepatitis B can live long and healthy lives by making liver-friendly choices like regular check-ups, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and eating healthily. Approved drugs for adults and children help control the virus and reduce the risk of serious liver disease, though there’s no complete cure yet. 

Treatments fall into two categories: 

  • Immune modulator drugs: Interferon-type drugs that boost the immune system to fight the virus, given as shots for 6 months to 1 year. 
  • Antiviral drugs: Pills taken daily to stop or slow the virus, reducing liver inflammation and damage, usually taken for at least 1 year. 

Not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs treatment; it’s most effective for those showing signs of active liver disease. 

Helpful resources for hepatitis B patients 

To make informed health decisions, it’s important to rely on credible sources and consult healthcare professionals. It’s also important to do your own research to find out more about the benefits or harms of a medication or herbal treatment. Here are some resources to help: 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): The CDC provides comprehensive information on Hepatitis B treatment options, including antiviral medications and lifestyle recommendations. 

Hepatitis B Foundation: This organization offers detailed guidance on managing Hepatitis B, including the latest research on treatment options. 

 

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AGA Publishes New Guidelines on Hepatitis B Reactivation!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has released updated guidelines to prevent and treat hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) among at risk populations. Hepatitis B Reactivation is a serious health issue for many people undergoing treatment for cancer or people on other medications. Learn more about HBVr here. 

Immunosuppressive medications are used to treat many different health conditions and most types of cancers. Sometimes, these medications can cause sudden increases in HBV DNA levels and cause reactivation. This can lead to liver failure, severe liver damage and death. Because reactivation can happen to anyone, it is important to test for hepatitis B before starting any kind of immunosuppressive treatment as this can help doctors understand the patient’s previous or current exposure to hepatitis B and prevent reactivation altogether (Ali et al., 2025). If someone is at risk for reactivation, it can be prevented, and this testing helps to ensure that.  

The new guidelines have identified individuals that are most at risk of HBVr according to their hepatitis B status and the immunosuppressive medications they are receiving. 

People who are positive for chronic hepatitis B are at the highest risk if they take the following medications  

  • Anthracycline derivatives, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, or anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) therapies. 
  • B cell-depleting agents (E.g., rituximab), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies, or cytokine/integrin inhibitors. 
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. 
  • Liver cancer treatment -transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)) 
  • Co-infected with hepatitis C and on direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. 
  • High doses of corticosteroids for longer than a month 

People who were previously exposed to hepatitis B (through a positive anti-HBc) or if they tested negative for surface antigen are at the highest risk if they take rituximab (a cancer treatment drug) but are at a moderate risk if they take any of the above-mentioned medications or treatments (Ali et al., 2025). 

HBVr can progress rapidly, which is why screening for hepatitis B, prior to beginning treatment for cancers is important. If you take any of the mentioned medications, it is best to discuss with your doctor about your risk of reactivation. If you know about your hepatitis B status, you should disclose it to your provider or ask to get tested for hepatitis B to learn about your risk of reactivation. In the United States, all adults over 18 years of age are recommended to get tested for hepatitis B at least once in their lifetime. 

  • Learn more about the updated guidelines here. 
  • Learn more about hepatitis B Reactivation on our B Heppy Podcast here.  

 

References 

Ali, F. S., Nguyen, M. H., Hernaez, R., Huang, D. Q., Wilder, J., Piscoya, A., Simon, T. G., & Falck-Ytter, Y. (2025). AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals. Gastroenterology, 168(2), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.008  

300 Million Reasons, About Hepatitis B, Clinical Trials, HBV

New clinical trial opportunity available for people living with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials play an important role in the development and approval of treatments for hepatitis B virus infection. Clinical trials can show how well new medicines work in people and can compare new medicines with current treatment options. They provide a great opportunity to help advance hepatitis B research and give people living with hepatitis B virus infection access to new treatments. 

GSK is launching a new phase 2b clinical trial called B-United, which will test a study drug called daplusiran/tomligisiran (DAP/TOM) followed by another study drug called bepirovirsen as a potential new treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 

DAP/TOM is designed to lower the level of a protein called hepatitis B surface antigen in your blood. Bepirovirsen is designed to further lower the level of hepatitis B surface antigen and stop the virus from making it, which might allow the immune system to control the virus. The therapy being tested in this study is not currently approved for treating chronic hepatitis B virus infection. However, the study drugs have been given to adults in other studies. B-United is the first study in which the two study drugs are given in sequence to adults. 

If eligible, you will receive an investigational therapy that consists of: 

1) DAP/TOM OR placebo for 24 weeks followed by 

2) Bepirovirsen for 24 weeks 

You will continue your nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) treatment while receiving the study drug(s)/placebo. This means that if you join this study, you will have the opportunity to receive at least one experimental treatment. Following study treatment with DAP/TOM (or placebo) and bepirovirsen, you will continue your NA treatment for 24 more weeks. The study doctor will then determine if you can stop your NA treatment and, if so, you will be off NA treatment for up to 28 weeks while closely monitored by the study doctor.  

You could be in the study for up to 110 weeks (about 2 years). You will not know whether you are receiving DAP/TOM or placebo, and neither will the doctor (until after the study ends). You will have medical visits throughout the study, where the doctor will check on hepatitis B viral activity and your overall health. 

You may be eligible to participate in the B-United study if you: 

  • Are at least 18 years old (the minimum age may be higher in some countries); 
  • Have had diagnosed chronic hepatitis B virus infection for at least 6 months;  
  • Have been on stable NA treatment (sometimes referred to as antivirals, such as tenofovir or entecavir) for the past 6 months, without any changes for the past 3 months. 

You will also need to meet additional requirements. The study doctor will review these with you. 

The B-United study is being run in many countries, so there is an opportunity for people in many areas of the world to participate. To find out more information and see if you might be eligible, please visit www.BUnitedStudy.com. 

300 Million Reasons, About Hepatitis B, HBV, Hepatitis B Advocacy, Hepatitis B Awareness, Liver

Why Access to Birth Dose Remains a Challenge Despite Availability of Vaccine. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Birth dose is the most critical public health tool to prevent the spread of new hepatitis B infections among newborn children. Vaccination at birth provides lifelong protection against hepatitis B and reduces the chances of developing chronic hepatitis B. However, access to birth dose and vaccinations for children remains a challenge in many countries, especially countries low- and middle-income countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B, despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines.  

Lack of Knowledge 

Many communities are unaware of the hepatitis B virus and how it can cause severe damage to the liver, especially for newborn children. Mothers who deliver children at home or without appropriate medical care are also less likely to get the birth dose for their babies. Lack of knowledge about the spread of the virus and vaccination persists among some medical providers and professionals as well, making it harder for families to get birth dose for their children in a timely manner. Misconceptions about the virus and the vaccine also makes it difficult to get children vaccinated. Educational campaigns should focus on raising awareness about the hepatitis B virus and teaching communities about the role of the birth dose in preventing serious liver disease and death (Freeland et al., 2023).

Cost and Transportation 

Many families mentioned cost to be a barrier to getting the birth dose for their children. For some mothers, they were unable to deliver at health facilities or lacked safe transportation to get to a health facility to get their children vaccinated. For families who lived in rural areas, finding a nearby health facility was a challenge. This also makes it difficult for mothers to return to the health facilities to get the remaining doses for their children.  

Lack of Political Will and Advocacy 

While the birth dose is available in many countries with high rates of hepatitis B, it is not always accessible to people who need it most. Local governments and health ministries must lead national vaccine advocacy campaigns to spread awareness about the availability and importance of getting children vaccinated at birth to prevent hepatitis B. Additionally, the hepatitis B birth dose should be available to all families at no cost. Vaccine advocacy efforts should focus on debunking myths and misconceptions about the virus and the birth dose.  

GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance has launched a new initiative to tackle some of these challenges and expand access to hepatitis B birth dose where it is needed most. Learn more about the new vaccination programme here.

 

References:  

Boisson, A., Goel, V., Yotebieng, M., Parr, J. B., Fried, B., & Thompson, P. (2022). Implementation Approaches for Introducing and Overcoming Barriers to Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa. Global health, science and practice, 10(1), e2100277. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00277 

Freeland, C., Kanu, F., Mohammed, Y., Nwokoro, U. U., Sandhu, H., Ikwe, H., Uba, B., Asekun, A., Akataobi, C., Adewole, A., Fadahunsi, R., Wisdom, M., Akudo, O. L., Ugbenyo, G., Simple, E., Waziri, N., Vasumu, J. J., Bahuli, A. U., Bashir, S. S., Isa, A., … Tohme, R. A. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B birth dose vaccination: Perspectives from healthcare providers and pregnant women accessing antenatal care in Nigeria. PLOS global public health, 3(6), e0001332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001332 

Baruch S. Blumberg Institute